Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8358956 | Progress in Lipid Research | 2015 | 21 Pages |
Abstract
Interest in the bone lipid area has increased as a result of in vivo evidences indicating a reciprocal relationship between bone mass and marrow adiposity. Lipids in bones are usually assumed to be present only in the bone marrow. However, the mineralized bone tissue itself also contains small amounts of lipids which might play an important role in bone physiology. Fatty acids, cholesterol, phospholipids and several endogenous metabolites (i.e., prostaglandins, oxysterols) have been purported to act on bone cell survival and functions, the bone mineralization process, and critical signaling pathways. Thus, they can be regarded as regulatory molecules important in bone health. Recently, several specific lipids derived from membrane phospholipids (i.e., sphingosine-1-phosphate, lysophosphatidic acid and different fatty acid amides) have emerged as important mediators in bone physiology and the number of such molecules will probably increase in the near future. The present paper reviews the current knowledge about: (1°) bone lipid composition in both bone marrow and mineralized tissue compartments, and (2°) local actions of lipids on bone physiology in relation to their metabolism. Understanding the roles of lipids in bone is essential to knowing how an imbalance in their signaling pathways might contribute to bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis.
Keywords
EPANF-κBTNFαCOXIGFJnkEPSCyPMSCsHDLPPIBMP-2RANKLTGFβMMP-9ERKSHPCLAChlBMDSFAPPARTRAPGPCRsFAASS1PWntLPATLR4FFAsOPGPGSM-CSFLXRDGLASERMFABPreceptor activator of nuclear factor-κBNFATc1MVSPHOSPHO1Tissue nonspecific alkaline phosphataseLPLSc-Jun N-terminal kinasecAMPG-protein coupled receptorsMAPKFatty acid amidescyclooxygenaseOsteoprotegerinsphingomyelinSphingosine-1-phosphateArachidonic acidEicosapentaenoic aciddocosahexaenoic acidtartrate-resistant acid phosphataselysophosphatidic acidLinoleic acidPolyunsaturated fatty acidsPUFAFree fatty acidssaturated fatty acidsTransforming Growth Factor Betabone mass densityTriglyceridestumor necrosis factor alphaDHARankMesenchymal stem cellsCytochrome P450small heterodimer partnerrunt related transcription factor 2Nuclear Factor of Activated T CellsInsulin-like growth factornuclear factor κBphosphatidylinositolphosphatidylcholinephosphatidylethanolaminePhosphatidylserineLysophospholipidshigh density lipoproteinlow density lipoproteinLDLMatrix vesiclesMatrix metalloproteinase 9macrophage-colony stimulating factorSelective estrogen receptor modulatoradipocyte protein 2Fatty acid binding proteinMacrophage inflammatory protein 1αbone morphogenic protein-2mitogen-activated protein kinaseProstaglandinsinorganic pyrophosphateliver X receptorcholesterolcholesterol estersextracellular regulated kinaseEstrogen receptorToll-like receptor 4Peroxisome proliferator activated receptorreceptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
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Authors
Alexandrine During, Guillaume Penel, Pierre Hardouin,