Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8358983 | Progress in Lipid Research | 2015 | 21 Pages |
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is a member of the nucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase family of ectoenzymes that hydrolyzes phosphodiester bonds of various nucleotides. It possesses lysophospholipase D activity, catalyzing the hydrolysis of lysophosphatidylcholine into lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), and it is considered the major LPA-producing enzyme in the circulation. LPA is a bioactive phospholipid with diverse functions in almost every mammalian cell type, which exerts its action through binding to specific G protein-coupled receptors and stimulates various cellular functions, including migration, proliferation and survival. As a consequence, both ATX and LPA have attracted the interest of researchers, in an effort to understand their roles in physiology and pathophysiology. The present review article aims to summarize the existing knowledge as to the implications of ATX in chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer and to highlight the low molecular weight compounds, which have been developed as leads for the discovery of novel medicines to treat inflammatory diseases and cancer.
Keywords
EGFLPSNCIABTSSPCCTCsHRPICAM-1IPFSMBPDELPIMCP-1LPElysophosphatidylethanolamineSFsBLMEAEGBMGPCRRac1S1PITDATXLPAPDGFOPNMVDuPAsynovial fluidsLSECsAutotaxinTMZEOCLysoPLDLVDPI3KγLEDGFLPA receptorsTNFAMLApnAENPPHCCNAD+ROSadenosine-5′-triphosphateATPRheumatoid arthritisexperimental autoimmune encephalomyelitisEDTAEthylenediaminetetraacetic acidOsteopontinSphingosylphosphorylcholinesphingosine 1-phosphatelysophosphatidic acidinflammationFluorescence resonance energy transferFRETEBVBALFBleomycinTemozolomideCirculating tumor cellsinternal tandem duplicationCNSdiadenosine polyphosphatesRas-related C3 botulinum toxin substrate 1CAMCancerEpithelial ovarian cancerhepatocellular cancerColorectal cancerLung cancerNon-small-cell lung cancerNSCLCGastric cancerLiver sinusoidal endothelial cellscentral nervous systemepidermal growth factorchorioallantoic membraneVascular endothelial growth factorVascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF)platelet derived growth factorlens epithelium-derived growth factortumor necrosis factorPhosphodiesteraseurokinase-type plasminogen activatoridiopathic pulmonary fibrosisacute myeloid leukemiaLysophosphatidylserinelysophospholipase DLysophosphatidylinositolBronchoalveolar lavage fluidCerebrospinal fluidCSFInhibitorsNational Cancer InstituteMultiple sclerosisintercellular adhesion molecule-1nicotinamide adenine dinucleotidehomovanillic acidHCVHepatitis C virusEpstein-Barr virusHorseradish peroxidasemonocyte chemoattractant protein-1PeriostinPostnHVACRCnucUDP-glucoseuridine diphosphate glucoseGlioblastoma multiformeReactive oxygen speciesG protein-coupled receptor
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Authors
Efrosini Barbayianni, Eleanna Kaffe, Vassilis Aidinis, George Kokotos,