Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
8547202 | Food and Chemical Toxicology | 2018 | 7 Pages |
Abstract
Twenty three strains of Penicillium expansum, as a predominant species, were isolated from 23 (92%) out of 25 grape samples of 17 different grape varieties. The results of the identification of P. expansum strains were confirmed by a PCR method. Most of the isolates of P. expansum (21/23, 91%), when tested for toxigenicity, were bi-toxigenic: they produced citrinin (CIT) and particularly high amounts of patulin (PAT). A validated UPLC-MS/MS method for the determination of PAT and CIT was applied. The limits of quantification (LOQ) for PAT and CIT in grape must and toxigenicity testing samples were 100 and 2â¯ng/g, respectively. The results of PAT and CIT quantification in 23 grape must samples demonstrated the occurrence of PAT in 10 (43%) grape must samples (mean: 171â¯ng/g; median: 50â¯ng/g; and range: 143-644â¯ng/g) and the occurrence of CIT in two (9%) grape must samples (mean: 1â¯ng/g; median: 1â¯ng/g; and range: 2.5-3.5â¯ng/g). This is the first report on the natural occurrence of CIT in grape must. A validated HPLC-UV-VIS method for the determination of PAT in wine samples was applied, and concentrations in all 23 wine samples were below the LOQ (<10â¯ng/g).
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Authors
Vladimir Ostry, Frantisek Malir, Martina Cumova, Veronika Kyrova, Jakub Toman, Yann Grosse, Marketa Pospichalova, Jiri Ruprich,