Article ID | Journal | Published Year | Pages | File Type |
---|---|---|---|---|
9488557 | LWT - Food Science and Technology | 2005 | 11 Pages |
Abstract
Lactic and citric acids were used as alternatives to backslop fermentation in the manufacture of extruded uji (a thin porridge from eastern Africa). Acidity of the blends was reduced by fermentation or progressively lowered with 0.1, 0.5 and 1.0Â mol/l lactic or citric acids before extrusion. The absence of ethanol soluble starch in the extrudates indicated that extrusion solubilizes starch without formation of maltodextrins. In vitro starch digestibility increased from 20Â mg maltose/g starch in the raw blend to about 200Â mg/g after extrusion. Extrusion reduced total dietary fibre by 39-68%, redistributed soluble to insoluble fibre ratios and had a negligible effect on the formation of resistant starch (less than 1Â g/100Â g). In vitro protein digestibility increased after fermentation or acid treatment followed by extrusion. Nitrogen solubility index decreased by 40-50% when the unfermented, lactic or citric acid treated blends were extruded, but increased by 20% when the blend was fermented before extrusion. Amino acid analysis showed that histidine, lysine and arginine contents were lowest in the fermented-extruded blends. Tannin content decreased from 1677Â mg/100Â g in the raw blend to between 551 and 1093Â mg/100Â g in the extrudates whereas phytate content remained unaffected by extrusion (248-286Â mg/100Â g).
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Authors
Calvin Onyango, Horst Noetzold, Annette Ziems, Thea Hofmann, Thomas Bley, Thomas Henle,