A toxic free future: Is there a role for alternatives to mercury in small-scale gold mining?

• Increased formalisation of artisanal and small-scale gold mining will enable effective management of mercury.
• Understanding cultural dynamics will enable better targeting of alternatives to mercury.
• Mining cooperatives was proposed as a way to invest in mercury-free technology.

Although mercury is highly toxic, it is a vital substance for many who depend on artisanal and small-scale gold mining as a source of livelihood. This article examines alternatives to mercury in the artisanal and small-scale gold mining sector. It questions the potential future role of mercury-free alternatives in the sector.