Work–life balance and firms: A matter of women?

The work–life balance (WLB) literature reports a positive relationship between the presence of female workers in firms and the implementation of WLB measures. Examining these findings from an alternative methodological perspective, this study adopts a fuzzy-set approach to analyze empirical data from 87 Spanish SMEs. The study's main finding is that the presence of women does not determine the level of implementation of WLB policies. Conversely, the absence of women does seem to determine the absence of such policies. Likewise, the absence of organizational commitment to WLB leads to the absence of WLB policies.