Juvenile growth of hybrid poplars on acidic boreal soil determined by environmental effects of soil preparation, vegetation control, and fertilization

▶ Hybrid poplars grow relatively well on boreal soils given appropriate treatments. ▶ Mounding provides the best soil for tree establishment, survival and growth. ▶ Competition control has more impact in less intensive soil preparations. ▶ Fertilization is more effective for well-developed trees with a good root system. ▶ Prioritize: mechanical soil preparation > competition control > fertilization.