Identifying and unravelling persistent problems

► “Persistent problem” is a widely used, but underdeveloped concept. ► Persistent problem: (re)produced negative side effect of a systemic success factor. ► Iteratively combining two approaches can identify and unravel persistent problems. ► This helps niche-innovations to contribute to a transition or system innovation. ► Persistent problems in the Dutch Health care system are identified and unravelled.