Comparing the unit emissions of daily frequency and slow steaming strategies on trunk route deployment in international container shipping

This study examines NOx, SO2, CO2, HC, and PM reductions for international container shipping carriers from slow steaming and from making use of daily frequency strategies. The options are examined using activity-based methods for surveys on Far East-Europe routes. It is found that both strategies examined are effective in reducing emissions, with daily frequency more effective in reducing emission levels when slow steaming is not employed.

► Individually, daily frequency and slow steaming strategies in international container shipping reduce emissions.
► The strategies have different effects.
► Daily frequency is more effective in reducing emission levels when slow steaming strategy is not employed.