Bovine tuberculosis vaccine research: Historical perspectives and recent advances

► BCG is particularly protective when administered to neonatal calves. ► Subunit vaccines may be used to boost immunity in cattle. ► T cell central memory responses correlate with protection to M. bovis challenge. ► DIVA approaches are feasible in cattle using in vitro or in vivo methods. ► BCG is being considered for use in several wildlife reservoirs of M. bovis.