Differences in social behaviour between group-living and solitary African striped mice, Rhabdomys pumilio

► Social behaviours of solitary and group-living striped mice were investigated. ► We recorded social behaviours using dyadic encounters in a neutral arena. ► Solitary mice were more aggressive and investigative than group-living mice. ► Differences in social behaviours were present even before mice became solitary. ► Switching from group-living to solitary is associated with behavioural changes.