Social network analysis of mixed-species flocks: exploring the structure and evolution of interspecific social behaviour

► We propose social network analysis for studying mixed-species flocking (MSF). ► Existing approaches have been constrained by species-level summary measures. ► The pairwise unit of measuring interactions can measure emergent social structure. ► We illustrate this using a mixed-species flock of tits in Wytham Woods. ► This approach allows us to address richer questions on the evolution of MSF.