A retrospective study of efficacy and side effects of intrathecal administration of hyperbaric bupivacaine and morphine solution in 39 dogs undergoing hind limb orthopaedic surgery

Intrathecal anaesthesia with hyperbaric bupivacaine 0.5% and morphine 1% solution provided effective intraoperative antinociception up to 70 minutes in dogs undergoing hind limb surgery. The technique of HIA can provide effective analgesia during short hind limb surgeries in dogs.