Evaluating competition and conflict among western Ukraine Neolithic farmers with stable isotope analyses of human teeth

- Evidence of violence in Verteba Cave is pervasive, with a frequency of trauma of 57% of human crania.
- Strontium isotopes suggest Ukraine as an origin for the Verteba Cave humans, supporting the hypothesis that the individuals were locally born and not immigrants.
- Strontium, carbon, and oxygen isotopes of Verteba Cave humans show all individuals were eating similar diets.