Glycomics of a novel type-2 N-acetyllactosamine-specific lectin purified from the feather star, Oxycomanthus japonicus (Pelmatozoa: Crinoidea)

A lectin — designated OXYL for the purposes of this study that strongly recognizes complex-type oligosaccharides of serum glycoproteins — was purified from a crinoid, the feather star Oxycomanthus japonicus, the most basal group among extant echinoderms. OXYL was purified through a combination of anion-exchange and affinity chromatography using Q-sepharose and fetuin–sepharose gel, respectively. Lectin was determined to be a 14-kDa polypeptide by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. However, 14-kDa and 28-kDa bands appeared in the same proportion under non-reducing conditions. Gel permeation chromatography showed a 54-kDa peak, suggesting that lectin consists of four 14-kDa subunits. Divalent cations were not indicated, and stable haemagglutination activity was demonstrated at pH 4–12 and temperatures below 60 °C. Surface plasmon resonance analysis of OXYL against fetuin showed kass and kdiss values of 1.4 × 10− 6 M− 1 s− 1 and 3.1 × 10− 3 s− 1, respectively, indicating that it has a strong binding affinity to the glycoprotein as lectin. Frontal affinity chromatography using 25 types of prydylamine-conjugated glycans indicated that OXYL specifically recognizes multi-antennary complex-type oligosaccharides containing type-2 N-acetyllactosamines (Galβ1-4GlcNAc) if α2–3-linked sialic acid is linked at the non-reducing terminal. However, type-1 N-acetyllactosamine (Galβ1-3GlcNAc) chains and α2–6-linked sialic acids were never recognized by OXYL. This profiling study showed that OXYL essentially recognizes β1–4-linkage at C-1 position and free OH group at C-6 position of Gal in addition to the conservation of N-acetyl groups at C-2 position and free OH groups at C-3 position of GlcNAc in N-acetyllactosamine. This is the first report on glycomics on a lectin purified from an echinoderm belonging to the subphylum Pelmatozoa.