Endogenous C-terminal fragments of beta-amyloid precursor protein from Xenopus laevis skin exudate

Using a monoclonal antibody against the entire C-terminal end of human APP695 (643-695 sequence) and a monoclonal antibody directed against human β[1-40] amyloid peptide (βA), we show the existence of endogenous peptides proteolytically derived from APP in skin exudate of the non transgenic Xenopus laevis frog. The majority of the immunoreactivity is found associated with a 30 kDa molecular species. Biochemical fractionation followed by mass spectrometry identification allowed us to assign this molecular species to C-terminal APP fragments containing all or part of βA. According to the nature of N- and C-terminal amino acids we identified endogenous β-, γ-, ε-secretase-like activities, caspase-like activity and numerous endogenous cleavage sites within the β-amyloid sequence at same sites as those observed in human βA sequence. All these homologies with human indicate that X. laevis skin exudate is a good natural model to study βA metabolism. In this way, interestingly, we identified endogenous cleavages at prohormone convertase-like sites not yet described at the same sites in human. Finally, all identified peptide fragments were stably associated with a 20.2 kDa protein. These new observed features suggest new research pathways concerning human βA metabolism and carriage of hydrophobic peptide fragments issued from APP processing.