Plants and pathogens: putting infection strategies and defence mechanisms on the map

All plant organs are vulnerable to colonisation and molecular manipulation by microbes. When this interaction allows proliferation of the microbe at the expense of the host, the microbe can be described as a pathogen. In our attempts to understand the full nature of the interactions that occur between a potential pathogen and its host, various aspects of the molecular mechanisms of infection and defence have begun to be characterised. There is significant variation in these mechanisms. While previous research has examined plant–pathogen interactions with whole plant/organ resolution, the specificity of infection strategies and changes in both gene expression and protein localisation of immune receptors upon infection suggest there is much to be gained from examination of plant-microbe interactions at the cellular level.

► Pathogens exploit a variety of invasion strategies to access plant tissues.
► Host cell biology is reprogrammed by pathogens.
► Cell-specific expression and subcellular localisation of PRRs may counter pathogen attack where it occurs.