Role of tumor-associated macrophages in the Hexim1 and TGFβ/SMAD pathway, and their influence on progression of prostatic adenocarcinoma

The results suggest that greater TAMs density, strong Hexim1 expression, strong SMAD2 expression, and mild SMAD7 expression play important roles in the progression of prostate adenocarcinoma. Further investigation of these proteins will help facilitate the definitive prognosis of prostate adenocarcinomas. Ultimately, these proteins may be therapeutic targets for patients with prostate cancer.