First in vitro isolation of Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle in Germany

Besnoitia besnoiti was in vitro isolated during the first recorded outbreak of bovine besnoitiosis in Germany. Molecular characterization of the new isolate, named Bb-GER1, revealed almost 100% identity with other B. besnoiti isolates obtained in Portugal, Spain, Israel or South Africa, when partial sequences of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene, of the internal transcribed spacer 1 and of the 5.8S RNA gene were compared. Cystozoites obtained from skin tissue of one bull were infectious for γ-interferon knockout (GKO) mice by intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation. Tachyzoites were detected in the peritoneal cavity, spleen, liver and lung of the mice 5 days post-infection. The parasite could be maintained in GKO mice by ip inoculation for at least 5 passages. Peritoneal washings containing tachyzoites were obtained from infected mice and used to infect five cell lines (Vero, MARC-145, NA42/13, BHK21, KH-R). The best growth of tachyzoites was observed in BHK21 cells, but replication occurred to a smaller extent also in MARC-145, NA42/13 and KH-R cells. Subsequent comparative analyses revealed that after direct infection of these cell lines with cystozoites derived from bovine skin, the growth was best in NA42/13 cells. Considerable replication was also observed in the BHK21 and KH-R cell lines. Our observations on the growth characteristics of Bb-GER1 partially contrast those for other isolates. The preferential growth in particular cell lines may be characteristic for particular B. besnoiti isolates. A potential association between growth properties and differences in virulence remains to be established. This is the first in vitro isolation of B. besnoiti from cattle in Germany.