Les colites médicamenteuses : revue de la littérature

Frequency of colitis induced by drugs is often under estimated. Antibiotics and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS) are usually incriminated. In this study, we classified colitis according to the main responsible drug with a focus on clinical symptomatology, physiopathology, evolution, and complications. We describe colitis due to antibiotics, NSAIDS, laxatives, vasoconstrictive agents, oestroprogestatives, chemotherapy and drugs induced microscopic colitis. The last one represents a particular case; it can be idiopathic, infectious or drugs induced. Its physiopathology is not well known and its diagnosis is based only on histologic criterion. Drug responsibility is easy to determine only for pseudomembranous colits. In the other cases, chronology is very variable and the clinical, endoscopic and histological elements are rarely specific. Because of the large number of drugs that may induce colitis, it is necessary to search for potentially responsible drugs, especially if there is no obvious cause of the colitis.