NMDA receptor subtypes: Structure, function and therapeutics

SummaryThe N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor is multi-subunit ligand-gated channel which is highly expressed in the mammalian and human central nervous system. Multiple subtypes of the NMDA receptor comprising distinct subunit combinations exist which subserve distinct roles in the brain and spinal cord, which offers new hope to develop, in a rationale fashion, subtype-targetted therapeutic agents. The NR2B subtype represents the most advanced in terms of drug development, with agents currently in clinical trials for chronic pain. Furthermore, memantine a new drug approved for use in Dementias is showing promise as a neuroprotective as well as pro-cognitive agent.