Conséquences de l'hypoxémie aiguë sur la fonction rénale

Vascularisation of the kidney remains highly inhomogeneous in a way to optimize a glomerular filtration and concentration abilities of tubules. As a consequence of the limited blood flow in the medullary vessels, oxygen partial pressure of the medulla range between 10 and 30 mmHg. The kidney medulla is therefore highly susceptible to anoxic injury. Short-term hypoxemia of moderate intensity has an impact on diuresis, natriuresis and renal vascular resistance that has long been recognized. Pathophysiological mechanisms leading to this renal response to hypoxemia include stimulation for the sympathetic activity, hypoxic ventilatory response and a humoral response involving salt and water homeostasis hormones. This article will discuss specific aspects of renal response to short term hypoxemia and will provide a comprehensive overview of their pathophysiological mechanisms.