A prodromal, musculoskeletal presentation of Parkinson's disease: A case report

This is the case report of a 79-year-old female patient (Mrs X), referred for assessment and osteopathic treatment of her left shoulder pain and restricted range of motion. Seven months later Mrs X was diagnosed with left hemi Parkinson's disease (PD). The report reflects on whether or not the left shoulder signs and symptoms were prodromal of PD, the diagnostic reasoning and evaluation of this patient prior to the diagnosis of PD, the challenges to musculoskeletal practitioners associated with potential prodromal musculoskeletal presentations of PD and the prospect of increasing numbers of such presentations with the projected rise in PD cases in years to come.