The short- and long-term effectiveness of transcatheter arterial embolization in patients with intractable hematuria

PurposeSelective transarterial embolization (TAE) of the internal iliac artery is a well-known alternative technique to control intractable bladder hemorrhage (IBH). We explored the short- and long-term effectiveness of, and clinical outcomes after, TAE in patients with IBH.Materials and methodsIn this retrospective study, we reviewed the hospital records of 18 IBH patients non-responsive to conservative medications who underwent TAE between January 2003 and May 2014. The early- and long-term effectiveness of TAE was investigated in the context of hematuria control, complications, mortality, requirement for blood transfusions, and hematocrit level.ResultsSixteen of the 18 patients underwent endovascular treatment; the technical success rate was 88%. TAE allowed complete remission in 16 patients (100% clinical success). On follow-up, mean hematocrit (P = 0.003) and hemoglobin (P = 0.005) levels significantly improved. Thirteen of the 16 patients (81%) required no further emergency admission after TAE during a mean follow-up period of 18.1 months (range, 3–105 months).ConclusionTAE is a feasible, effective, and safe technique in both the short- and long-term for the treatment of IBH.