Comparison of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance correlating obesity with type 2 diabetes: A cross-sectional study

AimTo assess the contribution of β-cell dysfunction and insulin resistance to type 2 diabetes (T2D) in obese and non-obese Chinese people.MethodsIn this cross-sectional study, we recruited 1384 newly diagnosed T2D patients and 1712 healthy controls. Insulin resistance was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR). β-cell function was estimated by homeostasis model assessment of β-cell function (HOMA-β) and 60 min insulinogenic index (IGI60). We compared the insulin resistance and β-cell function of obese and non-obese Chinese patients with and without T2D.Results50.18% of control participants and 62.28% of T2D patients were obese (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). HOMA-IR, HOMA-β and IGI60 were significantly higher in obese than non-obese, irrespective of T2D. Non-obese T2D patients had significantly greater HOMA-IR, and lower HOMA-β and IGI60 than non-obese control participants. The obese T2D group had lower HOMA-β and IGI60 than the obese control group. There was no significant difference in HOMA-IR between the obese T2D and obese control groups. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that HOMA-IR was associated with T2D only in non-obese group, and HOMA-β and IGI60 were associated with T2D in both non-obese and obese groups.ConclusionsHOMA-β and IGI60 were associated with T2D in obese and non-obese patients, but HOMA-IR was associated with T2D in non-obese Chinese.