Interferon regulatory factors (IRFs) repress transcription of the chicken ovalbumin gene

Although the ovalbumin (Ov) gene has served as a model to study tissue-specific, steroid hormone-induced gene expression in vertebrates for decades, the mechanisms responsible for regulating this gene remain elusive. Ov is repressed in non-oviduct tissue and in estrogen-deprived oviduct by a strong repressor site located from −130 to −100 and designated CAR for COUP-TF adjacent repressor. The goal of this study was to identify the CAR binding protein(s). A transcription factor database search revealed that a putative interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE), which binds interferon regulatory factors (IRFs), is located in this region. Gel mobility shift assays demonstrated that the protein(s) binding to the CAR site is recognized by an IRF antibody and that mutations in the ISRE abolish that binding. In hopes of identifying the IRF(s) responsible for the tissue-specific regulation of Ov, mRNA levels for IRFs-4, -8, and -10 were measured in seven tissues from chicks treated with or without estrogen. PCR experiments showed that both IRF-8 and -10 are expressed in all chick tissues tested whereas IRF-4 has a much more limited expression pattern. Transfection experiments with OvCAT (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase) reporter constructs demonstrated that both IRF-4 and IRF-10 are capable of repressing the Ov gene even in the presence of steroid hormones and that nucleotides in the ISRE are required for repression. These experiments indicate that the repressor activity associated with the CAR site is mediated by IRF family members and suggest that IRF members also repress Ov in non-oviduct tissues.