LDL-cholesterol lowering increases plasma apelin in isolated hypercholesterolemia

Apelin, a relatively newer adipokine with various actions in cardiovascular system, was recently reported to decrease in dyslipidemia. The present study addresses whether plasma apelin increases after hypolipidemic intervention either through therapeutic life style change (TLC) or statin treatment.A total of 134 patients were subjected to treatment with a TLC intervention for 12 weeks. Of these, 116 successfully completed the period, and LDL-cholesterol level decreased to target level (<160 mg/dL) in 54 (46.5%) individuals. The remaining 62 patients were treated with rosuvastatin for 12 weeks, and 56 of them finished the study. Circulating apelin, adiponectin, leptin, TNF-α, hsCRP and insulin levels were determined both at baseline and after TLC intervention and statin treatment.There was no significant change in plasma apelin concentration in patients unresponsive to TLC (p = 0.110). LDL-cholesterol lowering either through TLC or statin treatment was accompanied by an increase in plasma apelin (p = 0.000, p = 0.020) and adiponectin (p = 0.001, p = 0.011). Serum leptin decreased after successful TLC (p = 0.042/male, p = 0.023/female) but not after statin treatment (p = 0.959/male, p = 0.134/female). Serum TNF-α (p = 0.902) and plasma hsCRP (p = 0.135) levels remained unchanged after TLC intervention but decreased after statin treatment (p = 0.000, p = 0.023, respectively). Plasma insulin and homeostasis model assessment scores decreased after TLC (p = 0.000 for both) but not rosuvastatin treatment (p = 0.865, p = 0.722, respectively).In conclusion, independent of the type of treatment, reduction in LDL-cholesterol levels in otherwise healthy people with isolated dyslipidemia results in an increase in plasma apelin concentration. More experiments may show a substantial role for this peptide in the mechanism of atherosclerosis.