Glandular odontogenic cyst: A diagnostic challenge

Glandular Odontogenic Cyst (GOC) is a developmental cyst of the jaw. It is clinically rare and histopathologically unusual type of odontogenic cyst with unpredictable and potentially aggressive behavior. It was first described in 1987 by Padayachee and Van Wyk. Since its first description, till date 114 cases have been reported in English literature. It usually occurs above 40 years of age and in the anterior region of mandible. Radiographically, it appears as either unilocular or multilocular well defined radiolucent lesion. Usually thinning and perforation of cortical plate is associated with GOC, indicating aggressiveness of the lesion. The clinical and radiographic features are not specific, and it can mimic as any other destructive lesion of the jaw. GOC has tendency to grow to a large size and propensity toward recurrence. Histologically, it can be easily misdiagnosed as a central muco-epidermoid carcinoma. The aim of this paper is to present an unusual case of GOC in a 21 year old male, which was clinically and radiologically diagnosed as a dentigerous cyst associated with an impacted third molar tooth of mandible; and also to review the main criteria for accurate diagnosis.