Maxillofacial fractures in the province of Latina, Lazio, Italy: Review of 400 injuries and 83 cases

A retrospective study was performed to assess maxillofacial fractures in patients treated at the public “S.M. Goretti Hospital” hospital from 2011 to 31/8/2012. Data were prospectively recorded including age and sex, cause and mechanisms of injury, soft tissue injuries, dentoalveolar trauma, facial bone fractures and type of treatment.The pre-surgical and post-surgical hospitalization days were also analysed.Causes were grouped into five categories: road traffic collision, sports accidents, occupational accidents, assaults and domestic accidents. The analyses involved descriptive statistics. Records from 83 patient sustaining 95 maxillofacial fractures were evaluated.The zygoma was the most fractured anatomical site in both males and females, accounting for 32% of injuries, followed by isolated fracture of the orbital floor (blow-out and blow-in) with 11%.The age group between 18 and 39 years showed the highest rate of incidence of maxillofacial fractures.Men were more involved than women in all cases with a male:female ratio of 5,4:1.Accidents were the most frequent cause of maxillofacial fractures in the age group between 18 and 39 years and interpersonal violence was the most frequent cause of maxillofacial fractures in the age group between 40 and 59 years.Facial fractures occurred primarily among men under 30 years of age, and the most common sites of fractures in the face were the mandible and the zygomatic complex. Road traffic collisions were the main aetiologic factor associated with maxillofacial trauma.