Intravenous proton pump inhibition utilization and prescribing patterns escalation: a comparison between early and current trends in use

BackgroundApproved indications of intravenous (IV) proton pump inhibition (PPI) are limited to treatment of reflux esophagitis in patients unable to tolerate oral medications and for patients with pathologic hypersecretory states.ObjectivesIV PPIs are commonly used after endoscopic evaluation of patients with high-risk endoscopic stigmata (HRES) of nonvariceal upper GI bleeding (NVUGIB). There appears to have been an expansion of indications of this drug at many centers.DesignAll consecutive patients receiving IV PPI (pantoprazole) between 2 study periods, (1) when pantoprazole was restricted to the gastroenterology service and (2) when it was unrestricted, were reviewed.SettingTertiary care university hospital.PatientsAll receiving IV PPI.InterventionsIV PPI utilization.Main Outcome MeasurementsPercentage of patients receiving IV PPI for indications other than bleeding during 2 time periods.ResultsIn the early period, 217 patients (67.30% male) received IV PPI on 218 occasions compared with 516 patients (65.31% male, P = .61) in the later period on 613 occasions. In the early group, 93.12% of 217 patients received IV PPI for NVUGIB compared with 56.12% of 516 patients (P < .0001) with 18% of patients receiving IV PPI for nothing by mouth status and 13% for abdominal pain in the later group. A total of 153 (70.18%) patients in the early group underwent upper endoscopy compared with only 275 (44.86%) patients in the later group; 84 of these 153 patients (54.90%) were already on IV PPI at the time of endoscopy in the early group compared with 253 (92.00%, P < .0001).ConclusionsIV PPI use has escalated at our hospital and is being prescribed in patients before endoscopy with fewer patients noted to have HRES on endoscopy.