Using music therapy protocols in the treatment of premature infants: An introduction to current practices

Medical music therapy, which has developed rapidly in the last 15 years, has been effectively used with preterm infants in neonatal intensive care units. The purpose of this article is to provide an introduction to current music therapy protocols for premature infants, as well as highlight research supporting the use of these procedures to address a variety of medical and developmental objectives. Protocols covered include (a) music combined with kangaroo care, (b) multimodal stimulation, (c) developmentally appropriate music listening and (d) pacifier activated lullabies (PAL). Research suggests that these procedures have been effective in addressing a wide range of medical and developmental needs. Positive outcomes include: (a) reduced length of stay, (b) stabilized oxygen saturation levels, (c) increased stimulation tolerance, (d) reduced stress-related behaviors, (e) enhanced parent–infant bonding and (f) improved parent–child interactions.