An analysis and review of the literature and a three-tier video modeling intervention model

• Seven VM intervention characteristics and 7 video components are identified.
• A 3-tier VM intervention model is developed based on the delivery types of intervention and the allocation of resources and support.
• There is limited evidence supporting the primary tier VM intervention and there are some studies with unclear information to determine.

Many video modeling (VM) studies for teaching learners with autism have been published. Most studies have investigated the effectiveness of intervention; however, not all learners with autism respond to intervention in the same manner, and not all families and educators can afford such treatments. It is equally critical to address the delivery type of VM and the resources and support involved. This paper had 2 purposes: first, to review and analyze the literature regarding the characteristics of VM intervention and the video components for assisting practice and research; second, to develop a 3-tier VM intervention model (self-administered generic VM, group-based instruction, and individually administered individualized VM), based on the delivery types of intervention and the allocation of resources and support to address the factors that influence learners. Seven intervention characteristics and 7 video components were identified, and implications for future research regarding the 3-tier model were discussed.