Sedation in adults

Sedative and analgesic drugs are frequently given for comfort, amnesia of procedures or traumatic events, and anxiety relief (particularly during invasive procedures). In the ICU, sedation is usually also given to help tolerate endotracheal intubation, positive-pressure ventilation, and to control agitation. Sedation and level of consciousness is a continuum requiring careful assessment because of the large variability in the response to a particular drug. The ‘ideal sedative’ does not exist; combinations of drugs achieve the desired effect in each clinical setting, often with adjuncts (e.g. local anaesthesia). Negative outcomes occur not because of the drugs, but because of administration malpractice (drug combinations, lack of skills or knowledge, failure to follow procedures and monitor standards).