Exposure of Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Cells to Oxalate and Calcium Oxalate Crystals Activates Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Phosphate (NADPH)-Oxidase

Results indicate that cells of the distal tubular origin are equipped with NADPH oxidase that is activated by exposures to Ox and CaOx crystals. Higher concentrations of both lead to cell injury, most probably through the increased reactive oxygen species production by the exposed cells.