Renal replacement therapy in children

Acute kidney injury (AKI) affects 3.9/1000 at-risk children in the United States, a number that has been increasing as critically ill and injured children have access to improved care and the diagnosis of AKI is being made more accurately. Children with AKI have a higher mortality and hospital length of stay as compared to children without AKI. Renal replacement therapy can improve outcomes in these patients. This article reviews the pathophysiology of AKI and the modalities, indications, and outcomes of renal replacement for children with AKI.