Increased Cavernous Expression of Transforming Growth Factor-β1 and Activation of the Smad Signaling Pathway Affects Erectile Dysfunction in Men with Spinal Cord Injury

Upregulation of TGF-β1 and activation of the Smad signaling pathway may play important roles in SCI-induced cavernous fibrosis and deterioration of erectile function, which warrants early pharmacological intervention to protect erectile tissue from irreversible damage. Shin T-Y, Ryu J-K, Jin H-R, Piao S, Tumurbaatar M, Yin GN, Shin SH, Kwon M-H, Song K-M, Fang Z-H, Han J-Y, Kim WJ, and Suh J-K. Increased cavernous expression of transforming growth factor-β1 and activation of the smad signaling pathway affects erectile dysfunction in men with spinal cord injury.