The Transferability of Generic Minimally Invasive Surgical Skills: Is There Crossover of Core Skills Between Laparoscopy and Arthroscopy?

ObjectiveThe primary objective was observing transferability of minimally invasive surgical skills between virtual reality simulators for laparoscopy and arthroscopy. Secondary objectives were to assess face validity and acceptability.DesignProspective single-blinded crossover randomized controlled trial.SettingMSk Laboratory, Imperial College London.ParticipantsStudent doctors naïve to simulation and minimally invasive techniques.MethodsA total of 72 medical students were randomized into 4 groups (2 control groups and 2 training groups), and tested on haptic virtual reality simulators. Group 1 (control; n = 16) performed a partial laparoscopic cholecystectomy and Group 2 (control; n = 16) performed a diagnostic knee arthroscopy. Both groups then repeated the same task a week later. Group 3 (training; n = 20) completed a partial laparoscopic cholecystectomy, followed by an arthroscopic training program, and repeated the laparoscopic cholecystectomy a week later. Group 4 (training; n = 20) performed a diagnostic knee arthroscopy, followed by a laparoscopic training program, and then repeated the initial arthroscopic test a week later. The time taken, instrument path length, and speed were recorded for each participant and analyzed.ResultsTime taken for task: All 4 cohorts were significantly quicker on their second attempt but the 2 training groups outperformed the 2 control groups, with the laparoscopy-trained group improving the most (p < 0.05).Economy of movement: All cohorts had a significant improvement in left hand path length (p < 0.01) but there was no difference for right hand path length.Left hand speed: Only the 2 training groups showed significant improvement with the laparoscopy-trained group improving the most (p < 0.05).Right hand speed: All cohorts improved significantly with the laparoscopy-trained group improving the most (p < 0.05).Face validity and acceptability were established for both simulators.ConclusionThis study showed that minimally invasive surgical skills learnt on a laparoscopy simulator are transferable to arthroscopy and vice versa, with greater effect after training on the laparoscopy simulator.