Gender-related psychopathology in opioid use disorder: Results from a representative sample of Italian addiction services

- High response variability has been observed among opioid-maintained OUD subjects.
- Several gender differences have been observed in Opioid Use Disorder.
- Psychopathological dimensions have showed to be strong predictors of poor outcome.
- Gender-related factors can provide novel insights into patient-tailored treatment strategies.

AimsGender and psychiatric comorbidity seem to influence patients' inter-individual response to Opioid Substitution Treatments (OST) in Opioid Use Disorder (OUD) management. The aim of the study was to assess psychopathological dimensions in an Italian sample of OUD individuals entering a methadone/buprenorphine maintenance program; secondary, we evaluated the possible gender-specific differences within the psychopathological profiles.MethodsIn a cross-sectional study, we recruited 1052 (792 male; 260 female) OUD subjects receiving OST. All patients underwent a clinical and psychometric evaluation assessing demographics, psychiatric history, psychopathological features via the Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R), and were prescribed psychopharmacological treatments.ResultsOur results reveal gender-specific differences in a real-world sample of opioid-maintained OUD individuals attending public addiction services in Italy. Compared to men, women reported higher scores in both General Symptomatic Index (GSI) and in all the SCL-90-R sub-scales. No impact of pharmacological treatment was detected. Finally, regression analysis revealed that being in methadone-maintenance group was significantly associated with high GSI scores in the male, but not female, group.ConclusionsIncreasing the knowledge of psychopathological dimensions in patients with OST, with relevance to gender differences, is important for a better understanding of factors that influence the outcome and for further development in gender-tailored strategies.