کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
5041646 1474108 2017 10 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Exploration and exploitation of Victorian science in Darwin's reading notebooks
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
کشف و بهره برداری از علم ویکتوریا در یادداشت های خواندن داروین
کلمات کلیدی
جستجوی شناختی، اطلاعات تغذیه، مدل سازی موضوع اکتشاف-بهره برداری، تاریخ علم، کشف علمی،
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علم عصب شناسی علوم اعصاب شناختی
چکیده انگلیسی


- Cognitive study of Darwin's reading behavior via information foraging framework.
- Shows the existence of multiple timescales for exploration/exploitation behavior.
- Proposes framework for contrasting individual and collective behavior.
- Identifies shifts from exploitation to exploration in Darwin's reading.
- Darwin's reading order is more exploratory than the culture's publication order.

Search in an environment with an uncertain distribution of resources involves a trade-off between exploitation of past discoveries and further exploration. This extends to information foraging, where a knowledge-seeker shifts between reading in depth and studying new domains. To study this decision-making process, we examine the reading choices made by one of the most celebrated scientists of the modern era: Charles Darwin. From the full-text of books listed in his chronologically-organized reading journals, we generate topic models to quantify his local (text-to-text) and global (text-to-past) reading decisions using Kullback-Liebler Divergence, a cognitively-validated, information-theoretic measure of relative surprise. Rather than a pattern of surprise-minimization, corresponding to a pure exploitation strategy, Darwin's behavior shifts from early exploitation to later exploration, seeking unusually high levels of cognitive surprise relative to previous eras. These shifts, detected by an unsupervised Bayesian model, correlate with major intellectual epochs of his career as identified both by qualitative scholarship and Darwin's own self-commentary. Our methods allow us to compare his consumption of texts with their publication order. We find Darwin's consumption more exploratory than the culture's production, suggesting that underneath gradual societal changes are the explorations of individual synthesis and discovery. Our quantitative methods advance the study of cognitive search through a framework for testing interactions between individual and collective behavior and between short- and long-term consumption choices. This novel application of topic modeling to characterize individual reading complements widespread studies of collective scientific behavior.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Cognition - Volume 159, February 2017, Pages 117-126
نویسندگان
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