Research paperPrognostic factors on graft-versus-host disease-free and relapse-free survival after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for adults with acute leukemia

- GRFS offers an evaluation of ideal recovery post-transplantation.
- GRFS is predominantly influenced by certain prognostic factors.
- Donor type does not have significant effects on GRFS.
- Prophylactic DLI may contribute to superior GRFS post-transplantation.

The cure of acute leukemia by allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is closely linked to major complications leading to adverse outcomes, including graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), disease relapse and death. This study retrospectively investigated a consecutive series of 312 adult patients with acute leukemia receiving allo-HSCT by using a novel concept of GVHD-free/relapse-free survival (GRFS), and further evaluated the impact of clinical factors on GRFS. Results indicated that the 1- and 2-year GRFS were 54.8% and 51.5%, respectively. In multivariable analysis, recipient age >35 years (HR 1.676; p = 0.006), diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (HR 1.653; p = 0.027) and acute biphenotypic leukemia (HR 2.175; p = 0.010), advanced disease (HR 2.702; p < 0.001), and donor age >35 years (HR 1.622; p = 0.008) were significantly associated with inferior GRFS post-HSCT. GRFS of haploidentical-related donor transplant was comparable to that of matched sibling donor or matched unrelated donor transplant. Furthermore, prophylactic donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) had an overall beneficial effect on GRFS (HR 0.645, p = 0.044). Collectively, with a better understanding of these significant prognostic factors which impacted on GRFS, we can effectively evaluate the risk and probability of real recovery after allo-HSCT, further optimizing the therapeutic avenues for acute leukemia.