کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
5538801 | 1552355 | 2017 | 10 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
In situ and in vitro evaluations of a slow release form of nitrate for ruminants: Nitrate release rate, rumen nitrate metabolism and the production of methane, hydrogen, and nitrous oxide
ترجمه فارسی عنوان
ارزیابی های موضعی و آزمایشی یک فرم آزمایشی آلی برای مجاری نشاسته: میزان آزاد شدن نیترات، متابولیسم نیترات شکم و تولید متان، هیدروژن و اکسید نیترو
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کلمات کلیدی
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری
علوم کشاورزی و بیولوژیک
علوم دامی و جانورشناسی
چکیده انگلیسی
In situ and in vitro experiments were conducted to determine nitrate (NO3â) release rate from encapsulated NO3â (EN) in the rumen and to examine metabolism of EN-NO3â in conjunction with methane (CH4), hydrogen (H2), and nitrous oxide (N2O) production. Three ruminally-cannulated beef heifers were used to incubate the following substrates in the rumen for 72 h: soybean meal, EN, and unencapsulated NO3â (UEN). Because of immediate solubilisation, soluble nitrogen (N) fraction of UEN was assumed to be 100%. A non-linear regression model fitted to N disappearance of EN (R2 = 0.93, P < 0.01) indicated 35.4% of soluble N fraction and 54.7% of slowly degradable N fraction. Two in vitro experiments were conducted where UEN and EN were incubated for 24 h in buffer alone without substrate or in buffered-rumen fluid with substrates containing starch and xylan with urea, UEN, or EN as sole N sources. When UEN was incubated with buffer, 99.9% of UEN-NO3â-N was recovered as NO3â-N in the buffer over 24 h. However, recovery of EN-NO3â as NO3â-N gradually increased over 24 h up to 58%. When urea, EN or UEN were incubated with buffered-rumen fluid, total gas production decreased (P = 0.022) for UEN compared with urea and EN. Methane production decreased (10.7 and 13.3 vs. 19.6 mL; P < 0.01) for UEN and EN, respectively, compared with urea. Hydrogen production considerably increased (P < 0.01) for UEN compared with urea and EN without a difference between urea and EN. Nitrous oxide production was greater for UEN followed by EN and urea (20.8, 7.5 and 0.02 μL, respectively; P < 0.05). During the incubation with buffered-rumen fluid, 100% of UEN-NO3â was recovered as NO3â-N in the medium until 6 h and then the recovery gradually decreased to 18% at 24 h while recovery as NO2â-N increased up to 22% at 24 h. However, recovery of EN-NO3â-N as NO3â-N in the medium increased by 20% at 12 h and then gradually decreased to 5% at 24 h without accumulation of NO2â-N in the medium. In conclusion, EN released NO3â slowly in the rumen and decreased CH4 production without negatively affecting microbial fermentation. Increases in H2 and N2O production and accumulation of NO3â and NO2â in the medium were not observed for EN compared with UEN, indicating that EN could be a promising NO3â source to lower CH4 production with less risk of NO3â/NO2â toxicity.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Animal Feed Science and Technology - Volume 231, September 2017, Pages 97-106
Journal: Animal Feed Science and Technology - Volume 231, September 2017, Pages 97-106
نویسندگان
Chanhee Lee, Rafael C. Araujo, Karen M. Koenig, Karen A. Beauchemin,