Effects of glyphosate-based herbicide on pintado da Amazônia: Hematology, histological aspects, metabolic parameters and genotoxic potential

- Our results suggest toxic effects of the herbicide.
- The MN test findings propose genotoxicity to the fish erythrocytes.
- Fish adopted a fermentative response during the exposure.

Roundup Original® is an herbicide widely used in Mato Grosso's agriculture and it may contamine water bodies, being an unforeseen xenobiotic to aquatic organisms, particularly fish. This study investigated the effects on the hybrid fish jundiara (Leiarius marmoratus × Pseudoplatystoma reticulatum) of an environmentally relevant exposure to this herbicide. Glucose levels in liver, muscle and plasma decreased after exposure to 1.357 mg L−1 of Roundup Original® (glyphosate nominal concentration), while glycogen levels reduced in liver and muscle for different times. Elevated cholesterol and triglycerides revealed an adaptive response. Protein and lactate levels also increased during the experiment, however no changes were observed for muscle lactate. Increment of the transaminases suggests damage to the liver cells. After 96 hours of exposure, reductions in all hematological parameters were observed, whereas the micronucleus test findings showed genotoxic scenery. Histological analysis did not display pathological alterations of the hepatic tissue. The results obtained provide valuable data for noticing the effects of pollutants on non-target organisms.