Advanced endoscopic imaging: Polyps and dysplasia detection

Colonoscopy is the gold standard for colorectal cancer screening and diagnosis. Colonoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure that provides visual inspection of colonic mucosa. The goal of imaging is to detect adenomatous changes that are the primary risk factor for colonic adenocarcinoma. Adenomatous polyps represent structurally visible low-grade dysplasia. Their detection is the key to screening for and preventing colorectal cancer. Many technological advances have been designed to improve the detection of colonic dysplasia. Some advances improve subtle changes in mucosal architecture, while others improved the field of view. Adjuncts such as chromoendoscopy were developed to improve visualization of colonic mucosal pattern. Other accessory devices improve the field of view.