Synchronous Gall Bladder and Bile Duct Cancer: A Short Series of Seven Cases and a Brief Review of Literature

BackgroundSimultaneous presence of cancer in the gall bladder and in the biliary tree could be due to local spread, metastases, de novo multifocal origin, or as part of a field change. In the past, such an association has been described in patients with anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal junction.AimsWe studied seven consecutive patients with simultaneous gall bladder and bile duct malignancy with a view to identify the best way to treat them, and if possible to hypothesize the etiopathogenesis.MethodsOver a period of 24 months, there were seven cases, with synchronous gall bladder and extra-hepatic bile duct cancer.ResultsNone of our patients had anomalous pancreatico-biliary ductal junction. Three patients were found to have inoperable disease, three other underwent curative resection, and one patient had a complete response to chemotherapy. Herein, we describe these patients and our lessons learnt from these patients with synchronous bile duct and gall bladder cancer. Of the seven patients, we were able to complete a curative resection in three patients, and the three patients were found to have inoperable disease. One patient had an excellent response to chemotherapy.ConclusionThus aggressive therapy in such patients with gall bladder cancer may be warranted in select cases. Also, the gall bladder specimens in patients undergoing surgery for cholangiocarcinoma should be analyzed in detail to identify foci of dysplasia or change in the epithelium. The pathogenesis may be due to a common field change in the biliary epithelium.