Use of electric field sensors for recording respiration, heart rate, and stereotyped motor behaviors in the rodent home cage

- A novel method to continuously monitor animal physiology and behavior is proposed.
- Plessey EPIC sensors offer a cheap, noninvasive alternative to traditional methods.
- Sensors accurately detect respiratory and heart rate when appropriately positioned.
- Sensors detect stereotyped rodent behavior and activity in a home cage environment.
- Widespread applicability for high-throughput home cage studies is envisioned.

BackgroundNumerous environmental and genetic factors can contribute significantly to behavioral and cardiorespiratory variability observed experimentally. Affordable technologies that allow for noninvasive home cage capture of physio-behavioral variables should enhance understanding of inter-animal variability including after experimental interventions.New methodWe assessed whether EPIC electric field sensors (Plessey Semiconductors) embedded within or attached externally to a rodent's home cage could accurately record respiration, heart rate, and motor behaviors.Comparison with existing methodsCurrent systems for quantification of behavioral variables require expensive specialty equipment, while measures of respiratory and heart rate are often provided by surgically implanted or chronically affixed devices.ResultsSensors accurately encoded imposed sinusoidal changes in electric field tested at frequencies ranging from 0.5-100 Hz. Mini-metronome arm movements were easily detected, but response magnitude was highly distance dependent. Sensors accurately reported respiration during whole-body plethysmography. In anesthetized rodents, PVC tube-embedded sensors provided accurate mechanical detection of both respiratory and heart rate. Comparable success was seen in naturally behaving animals at rest or sleeping when sensors were attached externally. Video-verified motor behaviors (sniffing, grooming, chewing, and rearing) were detectable and largely separable by their characteristic voltage fluctuations. Larger movement-related events had comparably larger voltage dynamics that easily allowed for a broad approximation of overall motor activity. Spectrograms were used to quickly depict characteristic frequencies in long-lasting recordings, while filtering and thresholding software allowed for detection and quantification of movement-related physio-behavioral events.ConclusionsEPIC electric field sensors provide a means for affordable non-contact home cage detection of physio-behavioral variables.