Genetic and biochemical characterization of an oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase from Lactobacillus plantarum

- An oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase gene was identified in Lactobacillus plantarum LL441.
- The gene was cloned in E. coli and the enzyme overexpressed as a His-tag protein.
- The oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase showed optimum activity at around a pH 5.0-6.0 and 30 °C.
- The oligo-α-1,6-glucosidase showed specificity towards isomaltose and isomaltulose.
- This study contributes to the characterization of glycosylases from L. plantarum.

Although encoded in the genome of many Lactobacillus spp. strains, α-glucosidases have received little attention compared to other glycosyl hydrolases. In this study, a putative oligosaccharide(oligo)-α-1,6-glucosidase-encoding gene (malL) was identified in the genome of Lactobacillus plantarum LL441. malL coded for 572 amino acid residues with a calculated total molecular mass of 66.31 kDa. No predicted signal peptide was observed, suggesting this enzyme to be localized within the cytoplasm of the cell. Homology studies of the deduced amino acid sequence in the area of its active sites classified the enzyme as a member of the α-amylase (AmyAC) superfamily of glycosyl hydrolases (GH), family 13 (GH13), subfamily 31 (GH13_31). malL was cloned in Escherichia coli and the coded enzyme overexpressed as a histidine-tagged protein (MalLHis). It was then purified and characterized. MalLHis protein showed strong hydrolytic activity towards 4-nitrophenyl-α-d-glucopyranoside (pNP-α-Glu) but not to other pNP-α-d- or pNP-β-d-derivatives. When using pNP-α-Glu as a substrate, MalLHis showed similar specific activities between pH 5.0 and 6.0, and between 20 and 42 °C (optimum 30 °C). Among the natural carbohydrates assayed, MalLHis showed specificity towards isomaltose (Vmax and Km values of 40.64 μmol min− 1 mg− 1 and 6.22 mM) and much less to isomaltulose (Vmax and Km values of 168.86 μmol min− 1 mg− 1 and 244.52 mM). However, under the conditions of the assay, the enzyme showed no transglycosylation activity. Characterization of the entire complement of glycosidases in L. plantarum might reveal how strains of this species could be used in new biotechnological applications or in the development of functional foods.