Oxidative stress and vein graft failure: a focus on NADH oxidase, nitric oxide and eicosanoids

► The upregulation of NADPH oxidase (NOX) expression has been implicated in the aetiology of vein graft failure. ► Superoxide released from NOX augments neointima formation and inflammation that leads to pathology. ► A number of major drug classes inhibit the expression and activity of NOX. ► NOX and vein graft failure are discussed in this review with particular reference to nitric oxide and eicosanoids.