Phenylpropanoid glycosides from plant cell cultures induce heme oxygenase 1 gene expression in a human keratinocyte cell line by affecting the balance of NRF2 and BACH1 transcription factors

► PPGs upregulate HMOX1 mRNA and protein levels in HaCaT cells. ► PPGs increased Nrf2 and decreased Bach1 in the nucleus of HaCaT cells. ► Hydroxythyrosol moiety of the PPGs could be one of the major bioactive metabolites.