RANKL pretreatment plays an important role in the differentiation of pit-forming osteoclasts induced by TNF-α on murine bone marrow macrophages

These results suggested that the concentration of RANKL pretreatment, which also alone can differentiate BMMs into osteoclasts, may be important in the differentiation of pit-forming osteoclasts by TNF-α. In addition, the effects of TNF-α after RANKL treatment might be independent of RANKL.