Involvement of metabolic resistance and F1534C kdr mutation in the pyrethroid resistance mechanisms of Aedes aegypti in India

- Resistance ratio was high in field mosquitoes compared to susceptible population.
- High PBO synergism was found in field population than susceptible population.
- Esterase and GST activity was elevated in field populations.
- High frequency of Phe1534Cys kdr mutation was found in field population.